![]() shows that socioeconomic and health inequality among African Americans along the color-continuum is often similar or even larger in magnitude than what exists between whites and African Americans. Equivalent minority candidates need to send around 50% more applications than majority candidates to be invited for an interview. A 2016 meta-analysis of 738 correspondence tests in 43 separate studies done in OECD countries in 1990-2015 finds that there is extensive racial discrimination within both the European and North American hiring process. Several meta-analyses find extensive evidence of ethnic and racial discrimination in hiring in the North American and European labor markets. Research shows that ethnic minorities are offered fewer opportunities in higher education and employment, are subject to in increased scrutiny by police, and are less likely to receive adequate care from physicians. Racism affects almost every aspect of contemporary life. Īlthough less historically significant, prejudice can also be applied towards lighter-skinned people, which is known as reverse colourism. ![]() Lighter skin tones are seen as preferable in many countries in Africa, Asia and South America. ![]() Students of color are facing higher education costs, and inequalities in advanced programs and are targeted by their teachers or peers of other marginalized groups. In addition, there has been research that evidently shows biases based on skin color in the educational system. Research has uncovered extensive evidence of discrimination based on skin color in criminal justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, media, and politics in the United States and Europe. A key difference between racism and colorism is that while racism deals with the subjugation of one group by another or the belief in racial supremacy, colorism deals with in-group discrimination in addition to between-group discrimination. Ĭolorism focuses on how racism has manifested itself in the psychology of a people, and how it affects their concept of beauty, wealth, and privilege. Discrimination based on skin color, also known as colorism or shadeism, is a form of prejudice and discrimination in which people of certain ethnic groups or people who are perceived as belonging to a darker-skinned race are treated differently based on their darker skin color. ![]()
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